Intra- and inter-clade cross-reactivity by HIV-1 Gag specific T-cells reveals exclusive and commonly targeted regions: implications for current vaccine trials

PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26096. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026096. Epub 2011 Oct 12.

Abstract

The genetic diversity of HIV-1 across the globe is a major challenge for developing an HIV vaccine. To facilitate immunogen design, it is important to characterize clusters of commonly targeted T-cell epitopes across different HIV clades. To address this, we examined 39 HIV-1 clade C infected individuals for IFN-γ Gag-specific T-cell responses using five sets of overlapping peptides, two sets matching clade C vaccine candidates derived from strains from South Africa and China, and three peptide sets corresponding to consensus clades A, B, and D sequences. The magnitude and breadth of T-cell responses against the two clade C peptide sets did not differ, however clade C peptides were preferentially recognized compared to the other peptide sets. A total of 84 peptides were recognized, of which 19 were exclusively from clade C, 8 exclusively from clade B, one peptide each from A and D and 17 were commonly recognized by clade A, B, C and D. The entropy of the exclusively recognized peptides was significantly higher than that of commonly recognized peptides (p = 0.0128) and the median peptide processing scores were significantly higher for the peptide variants recognized versus those not recognized (p = 0.0001). Consistent with these results, the predicted Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I IC(50) values were significantly lower for the recognized peptide variants compared to those not recognized in the ELISPOT assay (p<0.0001), suggesting that peptide variation between clades, resulting in lack of cross-clade recognition, has been shaped by host immune selection pressure. Overall, our study shows that clade C infected individuals recognize clade C peptides with greater frequency and higher magnitude than other clades, and that a selection of highly conserved epitope regions within Gag are commonly recognized and give rise to cross-clade reactivities.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • AIDS Vaccines / immunology*
  • Adult
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology
  • Clinical Trials as Topic*
  • Cross Reactions / immunology*
  • Epitopes / chemistry
  • Epitopes / immunology
  • HIV-1 / classification*
  • HIV-1 / immunology*
  • HIV-1 / physiology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / immunology
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Peptides / immunology
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Young Adult
  • gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / chemistry
  • gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / genetics
  • gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / immunology*

Substances

  • AIDS Vaccines
  • Epitopes
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
  • Peptides
  • gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus